International Journal of Environment and Climate Change

This paper delves into the intricacies of forest tenure reform (FTR) in Kenya, highlighting its outcomes shaped by institutions responsible for reforms implementation. Embracing participatory forest management (PFM), these reforms have catalyzed institutional changes, notably the establishment of the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) and the formation of Community Forest Associations (CFAs). However, challenges persist, including capacity building, leadership effectiveness, budget allocations for collaborative activities, and recognition of customary authority. The study, conducted in 2017, explored the state institutional contexts of forest tenure reform, using a fixed questionnaire applied across all counties involving 5-9 respondents from state implementers of forest tenure reform in each county for a total of 26 respondents. Findings focus on Leadership, customary tenure system and collaborative practice. Key findings emphasize the need for holistic approaches at both National and Sub-national levels, considering social, economic, and political factors to ensure equitable and sustainable forest resource management. Recommendations include targeted capacity-building initiatives, enhanced information exchange, and improved coordination between national and subnational governance levels. Addressing customary authority recognition and fostering local-level engagement are crucial steps towards effective forest tenure reforms in Kenya.